1.7 закинуто + машинопереводус
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stringo = """ stringo = """
The trouble with Churchlands naturalism is not so much that it is In his recent Sweet Dreams,25 Dennett correctly identifies the funda-
metaphysical, but that it is an impoverished metaphysics, inadequate mental quandary confronting those who would uphold the uncondi-
to the task of grounding the relation between representation and reality. tional transparency of the phenomenal realm: if the constitutive features
Moreover, Churchlands difficulties in this regard are symptomatic of a of appearing qua appearing are non-relational and non-functional,
wider problem concerning the way in which philosophical naturalism and hence inherently resistant to conceptual articulation, then even the
frames its own relation to science. While vague talk of rendering phi- first-person phenomenological subject of experience lacks the resources
losophy consistent with the findings of our best sciences remains to apprehend them; he or she will always be separated from his or her
entirely commendable, it tends to distract attention away from the own immediate experience of the phenomenon per se by some medi-
amount of philosophical work required in order to render these find- ating instance, for every description of a phenomenal representatum
ings metaphysically coherent. The goal is surely to devise a metaphysics entails transforming the latter into the representandum of another phe-
worthy of the sciences, and here neither empiricism nor pragmatism are nomenal representatum, and so on. In this regard, Dennetts penetrating
likely to prove adequate to the task. Science need no more defer to critique of some of the more extravagant superstitions entailed by
empiricisms enthronement of experience than to naturalisms hypo- philosophers qualiaphilia chimes with Derridas critique of Husserl:
statization of nature. Both remain entirely extraneous to sciences the notion of an absolutely transparent but non-relational phenomenal
subtractive modus operandi. From the perspective of the latter, both the appearance is incoherent much for the same reason as the idea of
invocation of experience qua realm of originary intuitions and the consciousness as locus of absolute self-presence is incoherent.26 If one
appeal to nature qua domain of autonomous functions are irrelevant. acknowledges that the conceit of a phenomenal appearing devoid of
We shall try to explain in subsequent chapters how science subtracts all relational and functional properties is nonsensical, then one must
nature from experience, the better to uncover the objective void of concede that phenomenological experience itself shows that we our-
being. But if, as we are contending here, the principal task of contem- selves do not enjoy privileged access to all the properties intrinsic to
porary philosophy is to draw out the ultimate speculative implications appearance qua appearance. Accordingly, there is no reason to suppose
of the logic of Enlightenment, then the former cannot allow itself to be that appearing is absolutely transparent to us, and therefore no reason
seduced into contriving ever more sophistical proofs for the transcen- not to accept the idea (long advocated by Dennett) that the phenome-
dental inviolability of the manifest image. Nor should it resign itself to non of consciousness itself invites a distinction between those features
espousing naturalism and taking up residence in the scientific image of appearance that are apprehended by us, and those that elude us.
in the hope of winning promotion to the status of cognitive science. For if appearance is sufficient unto itself, the price of upholding the
Above all, it should not waste time trying to effect some sort of synthe- claim that our experience of appearance is entirely adequate to that
sis or reconciliation between the manifest and scientific images. The appearance would seem to be a position perilously close to absolute
philosophical consummation of Enlightenment consists in expediting solipsism (this is precisely the option embraced by some of Heideggers
sciences demolition of the manifest image by kicking away whatever phenomenological heirs, suh as Michel Henry).27 Of course, having
pseudo-transcendental props are being used to shore it up or otherwise conceded that the notion of a non-manifest appearance is not entirely
inhibit the corrosive potency of sciences metaphysical subtractions. In oxymoronic, the question remains whether to raise the stakes by insist-
this regard, it is precisely Churchlands attempt to preserve a normative ing that this latent or non-manifest dimension of phenomenality
role for the superempirical virtues that vitiates his version of EM. transcends objective description altogether, as did the early Heidegger,
who chose to see in it the unobjectifiable being of the phenomenon,
which science is constitutively incapable of grasping; or whether to
grant that this non-manifest dimension is perfectly amenable to
description from the third-person point of view characteristic of the
sciences, and hence something which falls under the remit of the sci-
entific study of the phenomenon of consciousness. Obviously, such a
choice depends on a prior decision about the scope and limits of
scientific investigation, and about whether or not it is right to remove
certain phenomena, specifically those associated with human con-
sciousness, from the ambit of that investigation as a matter of principle.
More abstractly, this can be characterized as a speculative decision
about whether to characterize the latency of phenomena in terms of
unobjectifiable transcendence, as Heidegger does with his invocation
of being, or in terms of immanent objectivity, as Churchland and
Metzinger do when invoking the un-conscious, sub-symbolic processes
through which phenomenal consciousness is produced. Our contention
here is that the latter option is clearly preferable, since it begs fewer
questions; yet it remains compromised by an alliance with pragmatism
which vitiates the commitment to scientific realism which should be
among its enabling conditions. Naturalism may not be the best guar-
antor of realism, and in subsequent chapters we will try to define the
rudiments of a speculative realism and elaborate on some of the con-
ceptual ramifications entailed by a metaphysical radicalization of
eliminativism. Our provisional conclusion at this stage however, is that
far from being some incontrovertible datum blocking the integration of
the first-person point of view into the third-person scientific viewpoint,
the appearing of appearance can and should be understood as a phe-
nomenon generated by sub-personal but perfectly objectifiable neuro-
biological processes. Indeed, as Metzinger persuasively argues, there are
solid grounds for maintaining that the phenomenological subject of
appearance is itself a phenomenal appearance generated by in-apparent
neurobiological processes. Thus, for Metzinger, concomitant with this
subversion of our phenomenological self-conception is a subversion of
our understanding of ourselves as selves.28 Yet faced with this unantici-
pated twist in the trajectory of Enlightenment, which seems to issue in
a conception of consciousness utterly at odds with the image of the
latter promoted by those philosophers who exalted consciousness
above all other phenomena, philosophers committed to the canon of
rationality defined by Kant and Hegel have vigorously denounced
what they see as the barbaric consequences of untrammelled scientific
rationalism. Ironically enough, it is precisely those philosophers who
see the fundamental task of philosophy as critique who have proved to be
among the staunchest defenders of the legitimacy of the manifest image.
In the next chapter, we will examine one of the most sophisticated
defences of the latter in the shape of the critique of Enlightenment
rationality proposed by Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer.
""" """
print( print(
stringo.replace('\n', ' ') stringo[1:].replace('\n', ' ')
) )